Ch.10: Force and Types of Force

Force and Types of Force | Class 6 | Science | Chapter 10 | Maharashtra State Board

In this video, we will be exploring the fundamental concept of force and its different types. We will begin by defining force and its units of measurement. Then, we will dive deeper into the various types of forces that exist, such as muscular force, mechanical force, gravitational force, magnetic force, frictional force, electrostatic force, and combined force. We will discuss each type of force in detail and explain their properties, applications, and effects. Moreover, we will showcase real-life examples and experiments to help you better understand the concept of force and how it operates in the physical world. By the end of this video, you will have a comprehensive understanding of force and its different types, which will aid you in comprehending other related concepts in science and engineering.

Questions & Answers

1. Choose the term to fill in the blanks.

1. Force has to be applied to change the direction of a moving object. (moving, direction, force)

2. When an elephant drags a wooden log over the land, the forces that are applied on the log are muscular force, gravitational force and frictional force. (muscular force, mechanical force, gravitational force, frictional force)

3. A ball was set rolling on a large table. If it’s motion is to be changed, a force will have to be applied on it. (force, motion, gravitational)

4. The force of friction always acts against the motion. (along, against)

2. Match the following.

Group 'A'	Answer	Group 'B'
An ox pulling a cart	Muscular force	Magnetic force
Lifting a heavy iron object with a crane	Magnetic force	Electrostatic force
Weighing with a spring balance	Gravitational force	Muscular force
Applying brakes to a bicycle	Frictional force	Gravitational force
Picking up pieces of paper with a plastic scale	Electrostatic force	Frictional force

3. One or more forces are acting in the following example. Name them.

(a) An object falling from a tall building ………………….. .

Ans. Gravitational force.

(b) An aeroplane flying in the sky ………………….. .

Ans. Mechanical force, muscular force, frictional force, gravitational force.

(c) Squeezing sugarcane juice with a squeezer ………………….. .

Ans. Mechanical force, muscular force, frictional force.

(d) Winnowing food grain ………………….. .

Ans. Muscular force, gravitational force.

4. Explain in your own words giving one example each.

Muscular force, gravitational force, mechanical force, electrostatic force, the force of friction and magnetic force.

(a) Muscular force.

Ans. The bones and muscles of our body help us to perform movements. Muscular force is used to perform all these movements. The force applied with the help of muscles is called muscular force. e.g. a man who pulls the handcart uses muscular force to perform the work. The coolie lifting the luggage uses muscular force.

(b) Gravitational force.

Ans. Earth pulls all the objects towards it. This force is called gravitational force or gravity. e.g. The rocket that takes off from the ground, applies the mechanical force against the gravitational force. All the things on the earth, stay on the earth due to gravitational force.

(c) Mechanical force.

Ans. The force applied with the help of machines is called mechanical force. Some machines are used with the help of muscular force, while some machines work on electricity or fuel. These machines are automatic. Machines help us to carry out tasks with ease and speed.

(d) Electrostatic force.

Ans. Electrostatic force is produced by the materials which develop static electricity on them. e.g. Due to electrically charged materials like ebonite, plastic, rubber this force is produced.

(e) The force of friction / Frictional force.

Ans. Frictional force is createdby friction. Two surfaces rub against each other and produce frictional force. e.g. the brakes used in stopping a running vehicle works on the frictional force. The footpaths and slopes of the walk ways have rough surface to create more frictional force, so that people do not slip and fall as they walk.

(f) Magnetic force.

Ans. The force exerted by a magnet is called magnetic force. Magnetic force is used in many gadgets such as doorbell, huge cranes that lift loads.

5. Why?

(a) Machine are oiled from time to time?

Ans. Machines are used to save our energy and time. The machines working on mechanical force should work efficiently. If they are not oiled, the frictional force may be created between the surface of this machine. If frictional force is more, it will slow down the speed and efficiency of the machine, therefore, machines are oiled from time to time.

(b) An object thrown upwards comes down after reaching a point.

Ans. An object thrown upwards goes up due to muscular force. At one point during its ascent the muscular force becomes zero. The gravitational force then starts operating on this object. It pulls this object down. Thus, an object thrown upwards comes down after reaching a point.

(c) Powder is sprinkled on a carrom board.

Ans. The coins on the carrom board should move swiftly during play. If powder is not sprinkled on the surface of the carrom board, there would be more frictional force. This will hinder the play. Therefore, to have a smooth carrom board surface, powder is sprinkled on a carrom board.

(d) The ramp at a railway station has a rough surface.

Ans. There should be more frictional force created on the ramp of the railway station. If the surface is smooth and slippery, there will be no frictional force. People using ramp in a hurry will slip and fall down easily. In order to avoid this and keep people safe, the ramp at a railway station has a rough surface.

6. In what way are we different?

(a) Muscular force and mechanical force.

Muscular force	Mechanical force
Muscular force is created by our muscles, i.e. in our body.	Mechanical force is created by the machines.
Muscular force is created due to the energy created by the food we eat.	Mechanical force is created due to electricity of fuel.

(b) The force of friction and gravitational force.

The force of friction	Gravitational force
The force of friction is created between two rough surfaces.	Gravitational force is created by the earth's surface and its acts on every object present on the earth.
The frictional force always acts against the direction of motion.	The motion of an objects goes on increasing with an increase in gravitational force.
The force of friction can be increased or decreased.	The gravitational force cannot be increased or decreased.

7. Write answer to the following question in your own words.

(a) What are the things that can be done by applying force?

Ans. Force can be applied to almost all things. Lifting, pulling, riding a bicycle, pushing a load, squeezing or bending something, driving vehicles, using different machines, and almost all the day-to-day activities are done by applying force.

(b) What is meant by weight?

Ans. The gravitational force acting on an object is called the weight of that object.

(c) Which machines run on muscular force?

Ans. Handcart, plough, ores of boat, bullock cart, horse carriage, bicycle, griding stone, etc. are the machines that run on muscular force.

8. Solve the following crossword puzzle.

Down:

(1) ____________ force is to be applied to push a scooter that has failed.

(2) ____________ force can be used to pick up scattered pins.

Across:

(1) A ____________ pulls an iron nail towards itself.

(3) ____________ force was used when the farm was ploughed with a tractor.

(4) It is due to the force of that ____________ raindrops fall to the ground.

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E X T R A

1. Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct alternative.

1. The type of force acting on iron nails is magnetic force. (magnetic, frictional, muscular)

2. The force responsible for wearing out of bicycles tyres is frictional force. (electrostatic, gravitational, frictional)

3. Force is used to change the direction of an object in motion, or to stop it. (Force, Gravity, Density)

4. The force applied by means of machine is called mechanical force. (magnetic, gravitational, mechanical)

2. Complete the analogy.

(a) Gravitational force: Non-contact force :: Muscular force: Contact force.

(b) An ox pulling a cart: Muscular force :: Picking up pieces of paper with plastic scale: Electrostatic force.

(c) Using the computer keys: Push force :: Game of tug of war: Pull force.

3. Name in the following.

(a) The force applied by the earth to pull objects towards itself.

Ans. Gravitational force.

(b) The force applied while lifting a heavy iron object with a crane.

Ans. Mechanical force.

(c) The scientist who discovered earth’s gravitational force in the 17th century.

Ans. Isaac Newton.

4. Answer the following in one sentence.

(a) Which forces are acting on an object falling from a tall building?

Ans. The gravitational force acts on an object falling from a tall building.

(b) What is meant by weight?

Ans. The gravitational force acting on an object is called the weight of that object.

(c) Give any two examples to show that friction produces heat.

Ans. Rubbing your both hands together to keep them warm, rubbing stones together to produce spark.

5. Give Scientific Reasons.

(a) It is easier for the fish to swim in water.

Ans. Fishes have gills with which they can breathe and absorb oxygen from water. Their body shape is such that they can swim at least resistance in the water. Fish can swim in water easily because it has a streamlined body which produces less friction. So, it easily cuts through water and moves in it very easily.

(b) An object thrown upwards comes down after reaching a point.

Ans. When an object is thrown upwards, the earth’s gravitational force acts on the object in the opposite direction. As a result, the speed of that object goes on decreasing till it becomes zero. The object then starts falling down as gravitational force applied by the earth pulls the object towards itself. Hence, an object thrown upwards comes down after reaching a point.

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