Ch.4: Weather and Climate

Weather and Climate | Class 6 | Geography | Chapter 4 | Maharashtra State Board

Welcome to this informative video where we will delve into the fascinating topics of weather and climate. In this video, we will provide you with a comprehensive understanding of the key differences between weather and climate. We will explore the various elements of weather, including temperature, air pressure, winds, moisture, and precipitation. You will learn about the factors that influence these elements and how they affect weather patterns. We will also discuss the importance of weather forecasting and how it is done. Furthermore, we will study the concept of climate, including its definition and the key factors that influence it. You will gain an understanding of the various climate zones on Earth and their unique characteristics. We will also explore the impact of climate change on our planet and the efforts being made to mitigate its effects. Throughout the video, we will use clear visuals and easy-to-understand language to help you grasp these complex concepts. By the end of the video, you will have gained a solid understanding of weather and climate and how they impact our planet. So, get ready to expand your knowledge and join us on this exciting journey!

Questions & Answers

A. Who am I?

1. I keep on changing.

Ans. Weather.

2. I am not the same at all places.

Ans. Climate.

3. I am the solid state of water droplets.

Ans. Snow / hail.

4. I am present in the atmosphere in the form of vapour.

Ans. Moisture.

B. Answer the following.

1. Why is the climate of Mahabaleshwar cool?

Ans. As we move upward from sea level, the temperature of air decreases. Mahabaleshwar is located at high altitude (high above the sea level) in Sahyadri Mountain. Therefore, the climate of Mahabaleshwar is cool.

2. Why is the climate near sea humid?

Ans. Climate near sea is humid because of the heating of sea water vapour gets mixed in the air. Air near the sea area having higher temperature holds a greater amount of moisture. Therefore, the climate near the sea is humid.

3. What is the difference between weather and climate?

	Weather	Climate
1.	Weather is described on the basis of the conditions prevailing at the given time.	Climate is described on the basis of conditions prevailing over a longer period of time.
2.	Weather keeps on changing frequently and we can experience changes in the weather easily.	Changes in the climate take place over a longer period. These changes are not perceived so easily.

4. What are the elements of weather?

Ans. Temperature, air pressure, winds, moisture, precipitation are the elements of weather.

5. What effects do nearness to the sea and height above mean sea level have on the climate?

Ans.

(A) The effect of nearness to the sea on the climate:

1. Because of the heating of sea water, water vapour gets mixed in the air. Air near the sea area having temperature holds a greater amount of moisture. Therefore, the climate near the sea is humid.

2. In the interior continental regions, the air holds comparatively less amount of moisture. Therefore, the climate in the interior continental region is dry.

(B) The effect of height above the mean sea level on the climate:

1. The earth’s surface get heat from the sun. As a result, the surface gets heated up. The air near the surface of the earth receives the maximum heat.

2. As we move upward from sea level the temperature of air decreases.

C. For the climatic conditions mentioned in the table, name the representative places known to you.

Hot	Bhopal
Hot and Humid	Mumbai
Cold	Munnar
Hot and dry	Nagpur
Cold and dry	Mahabaleshwar

D. Complete the following table.

Weather	Climate
Short lived condition of atmosphere	Long lived condition of atmosphere
Changes quickly	Does not change quickly
Expressed with respect to a specific place	Expressed as cool and dry or hot and humid or hot and dry etc.
Elements of weather: Temperature, Air pressure, Winds, Moisture and Precipitation	Elements of climate: Temperature, Pressure, Winds, Humidity and Precipitation.

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E X T R A

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. Atmospheric conditions prevailing at a place and at a given time is called weather.

2. The temperature goes on decreasing from the equator towards both the poles.

3. The horizontal movement of air is called wind.

4. Weather is defined by elements such as temperature, wind and humidity.

5. The air that has greater amount of vapour is called humid air.

6. The humidity in the atmosphere is called moisture.

7. The proportion of moisture in the atmosphere depends on temperature.

8. Vapour in the atmosphere condenses into water droplets or snow and their showering on the earth is called precipitation.

B. Name the following statements.

1. Elements of weather.

Ans. Temperature, pressure, winds, humidity and precipitation.

2. Forms of precipitation.

Ans. Rainfall, snowfall and hailstorm.

3. Climate is generally expressed as.

Ans. ‘Cool and dry ‘or ‘hot and humid’ or ‘hot and dry’, etc.

4. Factors influencing climate.

Ans. Latitudinal position, height above sea level, nearness to ocean and oceanic currents.

C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.

1. What is precipitation?

Ans. Vapour in the atmosphere condenses into water droplets or snow particles, which shower on the earth. This is called as precipitation.

2. What is called air pressure?

Ans. Air has weight and as a result it creates pressure. This is called air pressure.

3. What is wind?

Ans. Air moving from high pressure towards low pressure areas in a horizontal direction is called wind.

4. What is called humid air?

Ans. The atmosphere contains vapour. The air that has greater amount of vapour is called humid air.

D. Give geographical reasons for the following statements.

1. As we move upward from the sea-level, temperature of the air decreases.

Ans. The earth’s surface gets heat from the Sun. Thus, the surface gets heated.

The air close to the earth surface starts becoming hot.

Later, different layers of air at higher elevation receive heat.

Therefore, as we move upward from sea-level, the temperature of air decreases.

2. Air pressure decreases with increasing height.

Ans. The lowermost layers of air are subjected to the pressure of the upper layers.

So, the density of the lower layers of air increases.

There is greater air pressure near the surface of the earth.

Therefore, air pressure decreases with increasing height.

E. Answer the following.

1. What is known as precipitation?

Ans. Vapour in the atmosphere condenses into water droplets or snow particles. Their showering on the earth is called precipitation.

2. What is called moisture?

Ans. The humidity in the atmosphere is called moisture. The proportion of moisture in the atmosphere depends on the temperature. Air with higher temperature holds a greater amount of moisture.

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