Industries | Class 8 | Geography | Chapter 8| Maharashtra State Board
Explore the fundamentals of industrial development with this 8th-grade geography guide. Understand factors influencing industry location, types of industries, the role of industrialization in economic growth, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in India.
Questions & Answers
1. Mark ✓ in the box next to the right alternative:
(Note: The answers are given directly.)
A. Which factors among those mentioned below does not directly impact industrial development?
(i) Water [ ]
(ii) Electricity [ ]
(iii) Labour [ ]
(iv) Air [ ]
Ans.
(iv) Air [✓]
B. Which of the following is a small industry?
(i) Machine parts industry [ ]
(ii) Book binding industry [ ]
(iii) Silk industry [ ]
(iv) Sugar industry [ ]
Ans.
(ii) Book binding industry [✓]
C. Which of the following cities is not an IT centre?
(i) Old Delhi [ ]
(ii) New Delhi [ ]
(iii) Noida [ ]
(iv) Bangaluru [ ]
Ans.
(i) Old Delhi [✓]
D. An amount of 2% of the profits have to be utilized for which purpose by industries?(i) Income tax [ ]
(ii) Corporate social responsibility [ ]
(iii) Goods and service tax [ ]
(iv) Sales tax [ ]
Ans.
(ii) Corporate social responsibility [✓]
2. State whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the incorrect Statements.
a. Small and medium industries of a country are harmful to heavy industries.
Ans.
Incorrect.
Correct sentence: Small and medium industries of a country are supportive to heavy industries.
b. The level of industrialization is an indicator of the economic development of a country.
Ans.
Correct.
c. The aim of the industrial development corporations is to decentralize industrialization.
Ans.
Correct.
d. Corporate social responsibility is compulsory for every industries.
Ans.
Incorrect.
Correct sentence: Corporate social responsibility is not compulsory for every industries.
3. Answer the following questions in three to four lines.
a. What are the facilities provided by the government to industrial estates?
Ans.
The following are the facilities provided by the government to industrial estates:
Government gives concessional rates to the estates for electricity, water and taxes.
Estates are also provided piece of land at concessional rates by the government.
b. Write in your words how industrial development impacts national development.
Ans.
Industrial development generates employment opportunities.
Due to increased employment level, people get jobs and per capita income increases. This further increases the standard of living of people.
Industrial development increases the value of the Gross National Product.
Industrial development increases the production of various goods. By exporting the surplus goods, country can earn foreign exchange. In this way, industrial development positively impacts national development.
c. Give your opinion in short on the usefulness of corporate social responsibility.
Ans.
1. Corporate social responsibility is responsibility shown by the industrialists by working for the betterment of the society and for conserving environment.
2. Industries making annual profit of more than 5 crores are expected to spend 2% of their profits on some of the following acts:
Providing educational or health facilities
Establishing centres for mentally or physically challenged, widows, other needy people
Developing a particular village or region
Establishing environmental development centres, etc.
3. Corporate social responsibility increases the welfare of people and so proves beneficial to the society.
d. Mention three features of small industries.
Ans.
Three features of small industries ! are as follows:
Small industries require comparatively less amount of inputs like capital, machinery and manpower.
Small industries require comparatively less premise for its day-to-day operations.
Generally, the goods produced in small industries have local/regional markets.
4. Write detailed answers to the following questions.
a. Explain the factors affecting industrial development.
Ans.
The factors affecting industrial development are as follows:
Scientific and technological advancement, quantity and quality of labour, speedy transportation facilities, ready markets, availability of raw materials, government policies, political stability, etc. are factors that influence the industrial development of a nation.
For example, dense forest areas, mountainous areas, desert regions have extreme physiographical features. Transport facilities are found to be limited in such regions. Therefore, industrial development is found to be limited in such regions.
For example, agriculture is developed on a large scale in the fertile plains and the regions of moderate rainfall. Agriculture provides raw materials to many industries. Therefore, industrial development is found to be high in such regions.
b. State the advantages of the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation.
Ans.
The advantages of the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation are as follows:
The state government of Maharashtra established Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) on 1st August, 1962.
Through MIDC, government has set up industries in all districts of Maharashtra. MIDC supports the industrial growth and decentralization of industries.
Government gives concessional rates to the estates/industries for electricity, water and taxes. Estates/industries are also provided piece of land at concessional rates by the government.
MIDC has been playing an important role in generating employment opportunities in all the 36 districts of Maharashtra.
MIDC has been playing an important indirect role in increasing the per capita income and standards of living of people in Maharashtra.
c. Explain the importance of I.T. industry.
Ans.
Information technology industry includes various components like searching for technical information, obtaining information, analyzing information, compiling information, graphic presentation of information and providing information.
Information technology industry provides various types of information through internet on computers, mobiles and other devices. This industry provides information at comparatively less cost, time and efforts.
The obtained information can be used for personal, economic, social, cultural, etc. development. India has made rapid progress in this industry.
d. Considering India’s population, the development of industries is a good solution to the problem of unemployment. Explain.
Ans.
According to Census, 2011, the population of India was nearly 121 crores.
In India, majority of people are engaged in agriculture. In India, agriculture is seasonal in nature. Therefore, the unemployment rate is found to be high in India. Therefore, it is essential to develop industries in India.
By developing small industries, unemployed people will get employment opportunities. Small industries will help in providing jobs to less skilled, less educated people.
By developing medium and large industries in rural areas, the process of urbanisation can be boosted in villages. It will also restrict migration of people from villages to towns and cities. The employment level in a nation can be raised by developing industries. Thus, considering India’s population, the development of industries is a good solution to the problem of unemployment.
5. Prepare a flow chart for the following statements:
a. The journey of clothes we use from the farm to ourselves.
Ans.
b. Essential factors for the location of any one industry.
Ans.
6. Highlight the differences.
a. Medium industries and heavy industries.
Ans.
Medium industries | Heavy industries | |
Quantity of inputs | Compared to heavy industries medium industries require inputs like capital, manpower, machinery etc. in lesser quantities | Compared to medium industries, heavy industries require inputs like capital, manpower, machinery etc. in greater quantities. |
Examples | Fruit processing industries, jagerry making industries, furniture manufacturing industries etc. are the example of medium industries. | Sugar manufacturing industries, textile industries, automobile manuacturing industries etc. are the examples of heavy industies. |
b. Agro-based industries and Information technology industries.
Ans.
Agro-based industries | Information technology industries | |
Location | Agro-based industries are generally located in rural areas. | Information technology industries are generally located in urban areas. |
Nature | Agro-based industries are traditional in nature. | Information technology industries are modern in nature. |
E X T R A
1. Mark ✓ in the box next to the right alternative:
A. Which of the following is a medium industry?
(i) Sugar industry [ ]
(ii) Textile industry [ ]
(iii) Cement industry [ ]
(iv) Food processing industry [ ]
Ans.
(iv) Food processing industry [✓]
2. Examine the following statements and correct the incorrect ones:
a. Localization of sugar industry is found near Jamshedpur.Ans.
Incorrect.
Correct sentence: Localization of iron and steel industry is found near Jamshedpur.
b. India is predominantly manufacturing country.
Ans.
Incorrect.
Correct sentence: India is predominantly agrarian country. ,
c. Poverty decreases the speed of industrial growth.
Ans.
Correct.
3. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:
a. What is manufacturing?
Ans.
The process of converting raw materials into finished goods is called manufacturing.
b. What is called factory?
Ans.
A place where raw materials are converted into finished goods is called a factory.
4. Answer the following questions in brief:
a. Mention three features of large industries.
Ans.
Three features of large industries ; are as follows:
Large industries require huge amount of inputs like capital, machinery and manpower.
Large industries require huge premise for its day-to-day operations.
The goods produced in large industries have wide markets.
5. Answer the following questions in detail:
a. Give information about agro-based industries in India.
Ans.
India is predominantly agrarian country. Agriculture is the main occupation of majority of people in India.
In India, food crops, cash crops, fruits, flowers, vegetables, etc. are cultivated on a large scale. The agricultural produce provides raw material to many industries in India. For example, sugar cane is raw material for sugar industry. Thus many industries in India are agro-based industries.
The industries processing agricultural products like fruit processing industries, food processing industries, dairy industries, etc. have also flourished in India.
Agro based industries play an important role in rural economy by generating employment opportunities in rural areas.
6. Highlight differences/Distinguish between the following:
a. Small industries and Medium industries.
Ans.
Small industries | Medium industries | |
Quantity of inputs | Compared to medium industries, small industries require inputs like capital, manpower, machinery, etc. in lesser quantities. | Compared to small industries, medium industries require inputs like capital, manpower, machinery, etc. in greater quantities. |
Examples | Papad making industries, pickle making industries, cane industries etc. are examples of small industries. | Fruit processing industries, jagerry making industries, furniture manufacturing industries, etc. are the examples of medium industries. |
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