Motion and Types of Motion | Class 6 | Science | Chapter 9 | Maharashtra State Board
In this video, we will take a deep dive into the fascinating world of motion and explore its various types. We will begin by defining motion and discussing its importance in our lives. We will then move on to explore the two main types of motion: linear motion and non-linear motion. Within linear motion, we will discuss uniform linear motion and non-uniform linear motion, and within non-linear motion, we will delve into oscillatory motion, periodic motion, circular motion, and random motion. We will explore each type of motion in detail and provide real-life examples to help you understand how they work. Additionally, we will also learn how to calculate speed using formulas and provide tips on how to accurately measure motion. Whether you're a science enthusiast or simply curious about the world around you, this video will provide you with a comprehensive understanding of motion and its various types.
Questions & Answers
1. Identify the types of motion.
(a) Movement of the earth around the sun : …………………
Ans. Circular, periodic
(b) Movement of a ceiling fan : …………………
Ans. Oscillatory, circular
(c) A meteor falling from the sky : …………………
Ans. Linear
(d) A rocket launched from the ground : …………………
Ans. Linear
(e) A fish swimming in water : …………………
Ans. Random
(f) The plucked string of a sitar : …………………
Ans. Oscillatory
2. Fill in the blanks.
(Linear, non-linear, circular, uniform linear, non-uniform linear, uniform circular, non-uniform circular, random)
If a ball is released from the terrace of a building, it comes down in non-unifrom linear motion. On the other hand, it reaches the ground in non-linear motion if it is thrown with force away from the terrace in a direction parallel to the terrace.
The motion of an aeroplane on the runaway before take-off is linear.
The kite looking for its prey flies with circular motion in the sky.
Children sitting in a rotating giant wheel have uniform circular motion, while those sitting in a merry-go-round have a non-uniform circular motion.
3. How are we different?
(a) Oscillatory motion and linear motion.
Oscillatory motion | Linear motion |
Oscillatory motion is a type of non-linear motion. The objects in this type of motion never move in a straight line. | Object showing linear motion always move in as straight line. |
The object showing oscillatory motion comes back to its original place again and again. | The object showing linear motion is displaced away from the original place. |
e.g. The table fan and ceiling fan, merry-go-round, giant wheel, the pendulum of a clock. | e.g. Running vehicles, Parade of soldiers. |
(b) Linear motion and random motion.
Linear motion | Random motion |
In linear motion, the object travels in a straight line an in the same direction. | In random motion, the object travels in any direction and with continuously changing speed. |
Objects displaying linear motion always travel in a straight line. | Objects displaying random motion never travel in one straight line. |
e.g. Moving train, parading soldiers. | e.g. Flying birds, swimming fish. |
(c) Random motion and Oscillatory motion.
Random motion | Oscillatory motion |
The motion that changes its direction and speed continuously is called random motion. | The motion in which an object goes in one direction and comes back again to the original position is called oscillatory motion. |
The random motion is a non-linear motion and does not have a fixed direction. | Oscillatory motion is non-linear motion and has a fixed direction. |
The objects showing random motion, may not come back to the original position. | The objects showing oscillatory motion come back to the original position. |
e.g. Flying butterflies and birds, game of football. | e.g. Pendulum of a clock, needle of sewing machine, table fan and ceiling fan. |
4. Explain in your own words, giving one example each.
(a) Linear motion.
Ans. The motion of an object travelling in a straight line or in the same direction is called linear motion. There are two types of linear motion. viz. uniform linear motion and non-uniform linear motion. In uniform linear motion, the distance traversed by an object along a straight line in unit time is the same. Whereas, in non-uniform motion the distance traversed by an object along a straight line in unit time keeps on changing. e.g. The parading soldiers show uniform linear motion, whereas the children playingon a slide show non-uniform linear motion.
(b) Oscillatory motion.
Ans. The motion of a body that is moving in back and forth direction is called oscillatory motion. Oscillations form oscillatory motion. Oscillatory motion is a type of non-linear motion. If the oscillatory motion is completed in fixed period of time, it becomes a periodic motion.
e.g. The swinging pendulum of a clock, the needle of a sewing machine and vibrating diaphragm of different musical instruments.
(c) Circular motion.
Ans. The motion of an object along a circular path is called circular motion. Circular motion can be periodic motion if it is taking place in fixed time period. In day-to-day life many object are seen completing circular path. The hands of the clock show circular and periodic motion. The giant wheel, merry-go round, mixer, fans, etc. show circular motion.
(d) Random motion.
Ans. The motion that changes its speed and direction continuously is called random motion. There is no fixed direction for random motion. The butterflies, birds flying in the sky, the wandering animals, the swimming fish, etc. show random motion.
(e) Periodic motion.
Ans. The motion in which moving object passes through a certain point again and again after a fixed period is called periodic motion. The hands of the clock complete their rotations in fixed time period. A merry-go-round also completes the rounds in specific time. Therefore, this kind of motion is called periodic motion.
5. Answer the following questions in your own words.
(a) Which types of motion are seen in birds flying in the sky?
Ans. The bird flying in the sky show oscillatory motion when they flap their wings. Most of the birds show linear motion. Some like kite display circular motion. Crowsare seen moving in random motion.
(b) Write in detail about your experience of various types of motion while riding a bicycle on a road.
Ans. When we start a bicycle we have to pedal it. This is circular motion in which pedals of the bicycle move. Then we decide the direction and usually pick up a linear motion. For doing so we can turn the handle of the bicycle. The wheels of a bicycle turn in circular motion. If we go with the same speed in one direction it will be uniform linear motion. If we increase and decrease the speed intermittently, it will be non-uniform linear motion. Sometime, just for fun, we may take round turns, the motion then becomes oscillatory and circular too.
6. Complete the puzzle using words for types of motion:
(1) a spring is stretched and one end is released
(2) a minute hand
(3) a see saw
(4-5) children in a march past
(6) a stone rolling down a hillside
E X T R A
1. Define the following.
(a) Displacement –
Ans. The change in position of an object from one place to another is called displacement.
(b) Motion –
Ans. The continuous change in position of an object with respect to the stationary objects around it is called motion.
(c) Oscillation –
Ans. Motion of a body from one position to another and back to its original position about its mean position is called oscillation.
2. Give scientific reasons.
(a) The trees are seen to move backward while we are travelling in a train.
Ans. After experiencing continuous motion in the same direction for a long time, if we look at a stationary object, it appears to move in the direction opposite to the one we were viewing. When a large part of the visual field moves, a viewer gets this illusion. When we are in motion ourselves, a still object appears to be moving. Hence, the trees are seen to run backward while we are travelling in a train.
(b) The motion of a butterfly is an example of random motion.
Ans. The motion in which a body changes its direction and speed continuously is called random motion. The butterfly constantly flits from one flower to another. The motion is not in any particular direction and its speed is also not constant. Hence, the motion of butterfly is an example of random motion.
3. Identify the types of motion in the following.
4. Fill in the blanks choosing the correct alternative.
(a) Amongst the following, movement of a pendulum of a clock is an example of an oscillatory motion.
a) movement of a pendulum of a clock
b) apple falling from a tree
c) a spinning top
(b) When a moving object passes through a certain point at regular intervals of time, its motion is called periodic motion.
a) random
b) circular
c) periodic
(c) Ramesh can run a distance of 100 m in 20 seconds. Hence, his speed will be 5 m/s.
a) 2000
b) 5
c) 8
5. Answer the following.
(a) How are the motions of a wheel of a moving bicycle and a mark on the blade of a moving electric fan different? Explain.
Ans. The wheel of bicycle as well as the blades of ceiling fan move in circular motion. But the motion of bike itself in linear as it covers a certain distance along a straight line.
(b) Define speed. Give its formula and unit.
Ans. The distance travelled by an object in unit time is called speed of the object.
Speed = Distance travelled / Time take to travel the distance.
Unit of speed: kilometer/ hour and meter/ second.
(c) A man crosses a 900 m long street in 5 minutes. Calculate his speed.
Ans. Distance covered = 900 m
Time taken = 5 minutes = 5 x 60 = 300 seconds
Speed = ?
Speed = Distance travelled / Time take to travel the distance.
= 900/300
Speed = 3 m/s.
(d) If Pinky travelled at a speed of 40 km/hr, how long is it going to take to travel 240 km of distance?
Ans. Speed = 40 km/hr
Distance travelled = 240 km
Time taken = ?
Time taken = Distance travelled / Speed.
= 240/40
Time taken = 6 hours.
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